Principal Economics 2022
Preface
Introduction
1
Active transport
1.1
Improve active transport conditions
1.1.1
Description
1.1.2
Type of travel affected
1.1.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
1.1.4
Secondary impacts
1.1.5
Key Information sources
1.2
Enhanced Cycle Provision
1.2.1
Description
1.2.2
Type of travel affected
1.2.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
1.2.4
Secondary impacts
1.2.5
Key Information sources
1.3
Micromode (e-bikes, e-scooters, and their variants) Incentives
1.3.1
Description
1.3.2
Type of travel affected
1.3.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
1.3.4
Secondary impacts
1.3.5
Key Information sources
1.4
Bike and scooter sharing
1.4.1
Description
1.4.2
Type of travel affected
1.4.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
1.4.4
Secondary impacts
1.4.5
Key Information sources
2
Public Transport services
2.1
Improvements
2.1.1
Description
2.1.2
Type of travel affected
2.1.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
2.1.4
Secondary impacts
2.1.5
Key Information sources
2.2
Enhanced Bus Networks
2.2.1
Description
2.2.2
Type of travel affected
2.2.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
2.2.4
Secondary impacts
2.2.5
Key Information sources
2.3
On-demand Public Transport
2.3.1
Description
2.3.2
Type of travel affected
2.3.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
2.3.4
Secondary impacts
2.3.5
Key Information sources
2.4
Enhanced Urban Rail Infrastructure
2.4.1
Description
2.4.2
Type of travel affected
2.4.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
2.4.4
Secondary impacts
2.4.5
Key Information sources
2.5
Integrated Ticketing
2.5.1
Description
2.5.2
Type of travel affected
2.5.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
2.5.4
Secondary impacts
2.5.5
Key Information sources
2.6
Park and Ride Facilities
2.6.1
Description
2.6.2
Type of travel affected
2.6.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
2.6.4
Secondary impacts
2.6.5
Key Information sources
3
Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
3.0.1
Description
3.0.2
Type of travel affected
3.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
3.0.4
Secondary impacts
3.0.5
Key Information sources
4
Ridesharing
4.0.1
Description
4.0.2
Type of travel affected
4.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
4.0.4
Secondary impacts
4.0.5
Key Information sources
5
Carsharing Services
5.0.1
Description
5.0.2
Type of travel affected
5.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
5.0.4
Secondary impacts
5.0.5
Key Information sources
6
Telework
6.0.1
Description
6.0.2
Type of travel affected
6.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
6.0.4
Secondary impacts
6.0.5
Key Information sources
7
Taxi and ride-hailing
7.0.1
Description
7.0.2
Type of travel affected
7.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
7.0.4
Secondary impacts
7.0.5
Key Information sources
8
Efficient Parking Pricing
8.0.1
Description
8.0.2
Type of travel affected
8.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
8.0.4
Secondary impacts
8.0.5
Key Information sources
9
Road user pricing (in the context of reducing emissions)
9.0.1
Description
9.0.2
Type of travel affected
9.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
9.0.4
Secondary impacts
9.0.5
Key Information sources
10
Congestion pricing
10.0.1
Description
10.0.2
Type of travel affected
10.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
10.0.4
Secondary impacts
10.0.5
Key Information sources
11
Distance-based vehicle pricing
11.0.1
Description
11.0.2
Type of travel affected
11.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
11.0.4
Secondary impacts
11.0.5
Key Information sources
12
Increased fuel and carbon tax for road vehicles
12.0.1
Description
12.0.2
Type of travel affected
12.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
12.0.4
Secondary impacts
12.0.5
Key Information sources
13
Car use restrictions
13.0.1
Description
13.0.2
Type of travel affected
13.1
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
13.1.1
Secondary impacts
13.1.2
Key Information sources
14
Reduced Public Transport fares
14.0.1
Description
14.0.2
Type of travel affected
14.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled (include long-run effects)
14.0.4
Secondary impacts
14.0.5
Key Information sources
15
Transit Oriented Development and Urban Village Planning
15.0.1
Description
15.0.2
Type of travel affected
15.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
15.0.4
Secondary impacts
15.0.5
Key Information sources
16
Land use development trip reduction planning
16.0.1
Description
16.0.2
Type of travel affected
16.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
16.0.4
Secondary impacts
16.0.5
Key Information sources
17
Complete street policies
17.0.1
Description
17.0.2
Type of travel affected
17.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
17.0.4
Secondary impacts
17.0.5
Key Information sources
18
Road Space Reallocation
18.0.1
Description
18.0.2
Type of travel affected
18.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
18.0.4
Secondary impacts
18.0.5
Key Information sources
19
Vehicle Travel / Speed Restriction Areas
19.0.1
Description
19.0.2
Type of travel affected
19.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
19.0.4
Secondary impacts
19.0.5
Key Information sources
20
Mobility hubs
20.0.1
Description
20.0.2
Type of travel affected
20.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
20.0.4
Secondary impacts
20.0.5
Key Information sources
21
Commute trips reduction (CTR) programs.
21.0.1
Description
21.0.2
Type of travel affected
21.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
21.0.4
Secondary impacts
21.0.5
Key Information sources
22
School Transport Management
22.0.1
Implications for the research project
22.0.2
Description
22.0.3
Type of travel affected
22.0.4
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
22.0.5
Secondary impacts
22.0.6
Key Information sources
23
Tourist and special event transport management
23.0.1
Description
23.0.2
Type of travel affected
23.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
23.0.4
Secondary impacts
23.0.5
Key Information sources
24
Transportation Management Associations
24.0.1
Description
24.0.2
Type of travel affected
24.0.3
How travel and emission effects, including long-run, can be measured and modelled
24.0.4
Secondary impacts
24.0.5
Key Information sources
25
Mobility Management
25.0.1
Description
25.0.2
Type of travel affected
25.0.3
How travel and emission effects can be measured and modelled
25.0.4
Secondary impacts
25.0.5
Key Information sources
Emission Reduction Initiatives
Emission Reduction Initiatives
Principal Economics July 2022
Preface
Report to Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Authority
July 2022
http://www.principaleconomics.com
